My research focus primarily on two aspects of Paleolithic and Mesolithic times: times of change and transition; and on coastal human adaptations.
I am interested mostly in the transitions from the Middle to Upper Paleolithic and the emergence of Mesolithic in Portugal and the development of  Middle Stone Age as well as the transition to Later Stone Age in southern Africa, particularly in Mozambique.

Nuno Bicho received his Ph.D. in Anthropology from Southern Methodist University, Dallas Texas, in 1992. He is currently an Associate Professor of Archaeology and the Director of the Interdisciplinary Center of Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behavior at the University of Algarve (ICArEHB). He specializes in Paleolithic ecodynamics and his research focused on prehistoric costal hunter-gatherers of southern Iberia for the last three decades. More recently he has also developed research on the Mesolithic of the Tagus Valley and on Stone Age of Mozambique. He was an Academic Editor of PLOS ONE and, recently, was appointed as one of the Editors-in-Chief of the new Journal of Paleolithic Archaeology (Springer-Nature Group). He was Dean between 1998 and 2001 and 2005-2007 at the University of Algarve.

For my complete CV please click HERE

Books and Edited volumes
• Cascalheira, J. and Bicho, N. (eds.) (2018). Global perspectives on the impact of drastic environmental changes in hunter-gatherer technologies. Special Issue of the Journal of Quaternary Research.

• Pereira, T., Terradas, X, and Bicho, N. (eds.) (2017). The Exploitation of Raw Materials in Prehistory: Sourcing, Processing and Distribution. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

• Bicho, N., Detry, C., Price, T.D. and Cunha, E. (eds.) (2015). Muge 150th: The 150th Anniversary of the Discovery of Mesolithic Shellmiddens. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Volume 2.

• Bicho, N., Detry, C., Price, T.D. and Cunha, E. (eds.) (2015). Muge 150th: The 150th Anniversary of the Discovery of Mesolithic Shellmiddens. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Volume 1.

• Marreiros, J., Bicho, N. and Gibaja, J. (eds.) (2015). Use-wear and residue analysis in Archaeology. Springer Verlag.

• Marreiros, J., Bicho, N. and Gibaja, J. (eds.) (2014) . Use-Wear 2012: Proceedings of the Faro International Congress. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

• Bicho, N. and Haws, J. (eds.) (2013). Paleolithic ecodynamics in southern Iberia. Quaternary International, 318.

• Bicho, N., Haws, J. and Davis, L. (eds.) (2011). Trekking the shore: Changing Coastlines and the Antiquity of Coastal Settlement. Springer Verlag.

• Bicho, N. (2006). Manual de Arqueologia Pré-histórica. Lisboa: Edições 70 (2nd edition, revised and updated in 2011; 3rd edition in 2013).

• Bicho, N. (2006). The prehistory of Algarve. Tomar: Instituto Politécnico de Tomar (bilingual edition in Portuguese and English).

• Bicho, N. (2000). Technological Change during the Pleistocene-Holocene Boundary in Rio Maior, Portugal. Tomar: CEIPHAR.

Papers in International Journals
• McPherron, S. and Bicho, N. (2017). Editorial. Journal of Paleolithic Archaeology.  Link

• Gonçalves, C., Cascalheira, J., Costa, C., Bárbara, S., Matias, R. and Bicho, N. (2018). Detecting single events in large shell mounds: A GIS approach to Cabeço da Amoreira, Muge, Central Portugal. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 18: 1000-1010.  Link

• Cascalheira, J. and Bicho, N. (2018). Testing the impact of environmental change on hunter-gatherer settlement organization during the Upper Paleolithic in Western Iberia. Journal of Quaternary Science, 33(3). Link

• Bicho, N., Cascalheira, J. (2018). Global perspectives on the impact of drastic environmental changes in hunter-gatherer technologies. Journal of Quaternary Science, 33(3): 255-260. Link

• Cascalheira, J., Gonçalves, C. and Bicho, N. (2017). A Google-based freeware solution for archaeological field survey and on-site artifact analysis. Advances in Archaeological Practices, 5(4): 328-339.  Link

• Bicho, N., Cascalheira, J., and Gonçalves, C. (2017). Early Upper Paleolithic colonization across Europe: time and mode of the Gravettian diffusion. PLoS ONE, 12(5): e0178506.  Link

• Cascalheira, J., Bicho, N., Manne, T. and Horta, P. (2017). Cross-scale adaptive behaviors during the Upper Paleolithic in Iberia: The example of Vale Boi (SW Portugal). Quaternary International, 446: 17-30.  Link

• Bicho, N., Cascalheira, J., Gonçalves, C., Umbelino, C., García Rivero, D. and André, L. (2017). Resilience, replacement and acculturation in the Mesolithic/Neolithic transition: the case of Muge, central Portugal. Quaternary International, 446: 31-42.  Link

• Umbelino, C., Bicho, N., Perinha, A., Ferreira, T., Cunha, E. and Curate, F. (2017). Cortical bone loss in a sample of human skeletons from the Muge Shell Middens. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2016.  Link

• Marreiros, J., Gibaja, J. and Bicho, N. (2017). Lithic use-wear analysis of the Early Gravettian of Vale Boi (Cape St. Vicente, southern Portugal): insights into human technology and settlement in southwestern Iberia. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2016.  Link

• Monteiro, P., Zapata, L. and Bicho, N. (2017). Fuel uses in Cabeço da Amoreira shellmidden: An insight from charcoal analyses. Quaternary International, 431(Part A): 27-38.  Link

• Monteiro, P.D., Fermé, L.C. and Bicho, N. (2017). Charcoal analyses from Muge shellmidden (Portugal): Comparative analyses from Cabeço da Arruda and Cabeço da Amoreira. Quaternary International, 457: 190-197.  Link

• Pereira, T., Bicho, N., Cascalheira, J., Infantini, L., Marreiros, J., Paixão, E. and Terradas, X. (2017). Territory and abiotic resources between 33 and 15.6 ka at Vale Boi (SW Portugal). Quaternary International, 412(Part A): 124-134.  Link

• Aldeias, V. and Bicho, N. (2017). Embedded Behavior: human activities and the construction of the Mesolithic shellmound of Cabeço da Amoreira (Muge, Portugal). Geoarchaeology, 31: 530-549.  Link

• André, L. and Bicho, N. (2016). Perforation techniques and traces of use on the Mesolithic adornments of the Trench Area at Cabeço da Amoreira Shellmidden (Muge, Central Portugal). Comptes Rendus Palevol, 15(5): 569-580.  Link

• Gonçalves, C., Raja, M., Madime, O., Cascalheira, J., Haws, J., Matos, D. and Bicho, N. (2016). Mapping the Stone Age of Mozambique. African Archaeological Review, 33(1): 1-12.  Link

• Dias, R., Detry, C. and Bicho, N. (2016). Changes in the exploitation dynamics of small terrestrial vertebrates and fish during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition in the SW Iberian Peninsula: A review. The Holocene, 26(6): 964-984.  Link

• Bicho, N., Haws, J., Raja, M., Madime, O., Gonçalves, C., Cascalheira, J., Benedetti, M., Pereira, T. and Aldeias, V. (2015). Middle and Late Stone Age of the Niassa region, northern Mozambique. Preliminary results. Quaternary International, 404(Part B): 87-99.  Link

• Bradtmöller, M., Marreiros, J., Pereira, T. and Bicho, N. (2015). Lithic technological adaptation within the Gravettian of the Iberian Atlantic region: Results from two case studies. Quaternary International, 406(Part A): 3-24.  Link

• Cascalheira, J. and Bicho, N. (2015). On the chronological structure of the Solutrean in Southern Iberia. PLoS ONE, 10(9): e0137308.  Link

• Bicho, N., Cascalheira, J., Marreiros, J. and Pereira, T. (2015). Rapid climatic events and long term cultural change: The case of the Portuguese Upper Paleolithic. Quaternary International, 428(Part B): 3-16.  Link

• Marreiros, J., Bicho, N., Gibaja, J., Pereira, T. and Cascalheira, J. (2015). Lithic technology from the Gravettian of Vale Boi: new insights into Early Upper Paleolithic human behavior in Southern Iberian Peninsula. Quaternary International, 359-360: 479-498.  Link

• Bicho, N., Marreiros, J., Cascalheira, J., Pereira, T. and Haws, J. (2015). Bayesian modeling and the chronology of the Portuguese Gravettian. Quaternary International, 359-360: 499-509.  Link

• Gonçalves, C., Cascalheira, J. and Bicho, N. (2014). Shellmiddens as landmarks: visibility studies on the Mesolithic of the Muge valley (Central Portugal). Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 36: 130-139.  Link

• Tátá. F., Cascalheira, J., Marreiros, J., Pereira, T. and Bicho, N. (2014). Shell bead production in the Upper Paleolithic of Vale Boi (SW Portugal): an experimental perspective. Journal of Archaeological Science, 42: 29-41.  Link

• Cascalheira, J., Gonçalves, C. and Bicho, N. (2014). Smartphones and the Use of Customized Apps in Archaeological Projects. The SAA Archaeological Record, 14(5): 20-25.  Link

• Bicho, N., Manne, T., Marreiros, J., Cascalheira, J.,Pereira, T., Tátá,F., Évora, M., Gonçalves, C. and Infantini, L. (2013). The ecodynamics of the first modern humans in Southwestern Iberia: the case of Vale Boi, Portugal. Quaternary International, 318: 102-116.  Link

• Cascalheira, J. and Bicho., N. (2013) Hunter-gatherer ecodynamics and the impact of the Heinrich Event 2 in Central and Southern Portugal. Quaternary International, 318: 117-127.  Link

• Marreiros, J. and Bicho N. (2013). Lithic technology variability and human ecodynamics during the Early Gravettian of Southern Iberian Peninsula. Quaternary International, 318: 90-101.  Link

• Haws, J. and Bicho, N. (2013). Introduction. Paleolithic ecodynamics in southern Iberia. Quaternary International, 318: 1-2.  Link

• Bicho, N., Pereira, T., Cascalheira, J., Marreiros, J., Gonçalves, C. and Dias, D. (2013). Chronology of the Mesolithic occupation of the Muge valley, central Portugal: The case of Cabeço da Amoreira. Quaternary International, 308-309: 130-139.  Link

• Monteiro, P.D., Zapata, L. and Bicho, N. (2013). Wood charcoal analyses from Muge shellmiddens: results from samples of the 2010/2011 excavation of Cabeço da Amoreira (Santarém, Portugal). SAGVNTVN, 13: 25-32.  Link

• Pereira, T., Cascalheira, J., Marreiros, J., Almeida, F. and Bicho, N. (2012). Variation in quartzite exploitation during the Upper Paleolithic of Southwest Iberian Peninsula. Trabajos de Prehistoria, 69(2): 44-69.  Link

• Manne, T., Cascalheira, J., Évora, M., Marreiros, J. and Bicho, N. (2012). Intensive subsistence practices at Vale Boi, an Upper Paleolithic site in southwestern Portugal. Quaternary International, 264: 83-99.  Link

• Bicho, N. and Haws, J. (2012). The Magdalenian in central and southern Portugal: Human ecology at the End of the Pleistocene. Quaternary International, 272-273: 6-16.  Link

• Bicho, N., Simón Vallejo, M., Cortés, M. (2012). A Solutrean zoomorphic engraved plaquette from the site of Vale Boi, Portugal. Quartär, 59: 153-164.  Link

• Simón Vallejo, M., Cortés, M. and Bicho, N. (2012). Primeras evidencias de arte mueble paleolítico en el sur de Portugal. Trabajos de Prehistoria, 69(1): 7-20.  Link

• Cortés Sánchez, M., Jiménez Espejo, F., Simón Vallejo, M.D., Gibaja Bao, J.F., Faustino Carvalho, A., Martinez-Ruiz, F., Rodrigo Gamiz, M., Flores, J.A., López Sáez, A., Peña Chocarro, L., Carrión, J.S., Morales Muñiz, A., Roselló Izquierdo, E., Riquelme Cantal, J.A., Dean, R.M., Salgueiro, E., Martínez Sánchez, R.M., De la Rubia de Gracia, J.J., Lozano Francisco, M.C., Vera Peláez, J.L. and Bicho, N. (2012). The Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in the south of Iberian Peninsula and the end of African humid period. A Maghreb neolithisation wave? Quaternary Research, 77(2): 221-234.  Link

• Cortés-Sánchez, M., Morales-Muñiz, A., Simón-Vallejo, M., Lozano-Francisco, M., Vera-Peláez, J., Finlayson, C., Rodríguez-Vidal, J., Delgado-Huertas, A., Jiménez-Espejo, F., Martínez-Ruiz, F., Martínez-Aguirre, M., Pascual-Granged, A., Bergadà-Zapata, M., Gibaja-Bao, J., Riquelme-Cantal, J.A., López-Sáez, J.A., Rodrigo-Gámiz, M., Sakai, S., Sugisaki, S., Finlayson, G., Fa, D. and Bicho, N. (2011). Earliest known use of marine resources by Neanderthals. PloS One, 6(9): 1-15.  Link

• Detry, C., Bicho, N., Fernandes, H. and Fernandes, C. (2011). The Emirate of Córdoba (756-929 AD) and the introduction of the Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes Ichneumon) in Iberia: the remains from Muge, Portugal. Journal of Archaeological Science, 38(12): 3518-3523.  Link

• Bicho, N., Frederico Tátá, Telmo Pereira, João Cascalheira, João Marreiros, and Vera Pereira (2011). Explosive archaeology: safe demolition in karstic environments. The SAA Archaeological Record, 11(4): 16-20.  Link

• Bicho, N., Cascalheira, J., Marreiros, J. and Pereira, T. (2011). The 2008-2010 excavations of Cabeço da Amoreira, Muge, Portugal. Mesolithic Miscellany, 21(2): 3-13.

• Bicho, N., Haws, J. and Almeida, F. (2011). Hunter–gatherer adaptations and the Younger Dryas in central and southern Portugal. Quaternary International, 242(2): 336-347.  Link

• Bicho, N. and Cardoso, J. (2010). Paleolithic occupations and lithic assemblages from Furninha Cave, Peniche (Portugal). Zephyrus, 66: 17-37.

• Haws, J., Benedetti, M., Funk, C.L., Bicho, N., Daniels, J.M., Hesp, P.A., Minckley, T.A., Forman, S., Jeraj, M., Gibaja, J. and Hockett, B. (2010). Coastal wetlands and the Neanderthal settlement of Portuguese Estremadura. Geoarchaeology, 25(6): 709-744.  Link

• Bicho, N., Umbelino, C., Detry, C. and Pereira, T. (2010). The emergence of the Muge Mesolithic shellmiddens (central Portugal) and the 8200 cal yr BP cold event. Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology, 5: 86-104.  Link

• Bicho, N., Gibaja, J. and Stiner, M. (2010). Le Paléolithique supérieur au sud du Portugal: le site de Vale Boi. L’Anthropologie, 114(1): 48-67.  Link

• Benedetti, M., Haws, J., Funk, C., Daniels, M., Hespe, P., Bicho, N., Minckley, T., Ellwood, B. and Forman, S. (2009). Late Pleistocene raised beaches of coastal Estremadura, central Portugal. Quaternary Science Reviews, 28: 3437-3447.  Link

• Bicho, N. (2009). On the edge: Early Holocene adaptations in Southwestern Iberia. Journal of Anthropological Research, 65(2): 185-206.  Link

• Bicho, N., Gibaja, J., Haws, J., Hockett, B. and Funk, C. (2009). Beyond the study of lithic assemblages: the case of Picareiro cave, Portugal. Human Evolution, 24(2): 165-173.

• Bicho, N., Haws, J., Gibaja, J. and Hockett, B. (2009). Lapa do Picareiro, un asentamiento de caza magdaleniense en la Estremadura portuguesa. Complutum, 20(1): 71-82.  Link

• Manne, T. and Bicho, N. (2009). Vale Boi: rendering new understandings of resource intensification & diversification in southwestern Iberia. Before Farming, 2009(2): 1-21.

• Bicho, N. and Haws, J. (2008). At the land’s end: marine resources and the importance of fluctuations in the coast line in the prehistoric hunter-gatherer economy of Portugal. Quaternary Science Review, 27(23-24): 2166-2175.  Link

• Bicho, N., Carvalho, A., González-Sainz, C., Sanchidrián, J., Villaverde, V. and Straus, L.G. (2007). The Upper Paleolithic Rock Art of Iberia. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 14(1): 81-151.  Link

• Bicho, N. (2007). Bones of contention: Zooarcheology, Arqueozoology and other theoretical and methodological considerations: commentary to Of metapodials, measurements and music – eight years of miscellaneous zooarchaeological discoveries at the IPA, Lisbon. O Arqueólogo Português, 4(25): 122-127.

• Bicho, N. and Gibaja, J. (2007). El utillaje lítico del asentamiento de Vale Boi (Algarve, Portugal): los niveles gravetiense y solutrense. Munibe, 58: 89-99.

• Bicho, N., Gibaja, J., Haws, J. and Hockett, B. (2007). El análisis traceológico como medio de aproximación a las actividades realizadas en los asentaientos: el ejemplo de los yacimientos del Paleolítico superior de vale Boi e Lapa do Picareiro (portugal). Rampas, 9: 15-33.

• Bicho, N., Haws, J. and Hockett, B. (2006). Two sides of the same coin – rocks, bones and site function of Picareiro Cave, Central Portugal. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 25: 485-499.

• Gibaja, J. and Bicho, N. (2006). La función de los instrumentos líticos en el asentamiento de Vale Boi (Algarve, Portugal). Estudio del utillaje Gravettiense y Solutrense. Saguntum, 38: 9-21.

• Stiner, M., Bicho, N., Lindly, J. and Ferring, C.R. (2003). Mesolithic to Neolithic transitions: new results from shell-middens in the western Algarve, Portugal. Antiquity, 77(295): 75-86.  Link

• Forrest, B., Rink, W., Bicho, N. and Ferring, R. (2003). OSL Ages and possible bioturbation signals at the Upper Paleolithic site of Lagoa do Bordoal, Algarve, Portugal. Quaternary Sicence Review, 22(10-13): 1279-1285.  Link

• Bicho, N., Stiner, M., Lindly, J., Ferring, C.R. and Correia, J. (2003). Preliminary results from the Upper Paleolithic site of Vale Boi, southwestern Portugal. Journal of Iberian Archaeology, 5: 51-66.

• Bicho, N., Haws, J. and Hockett, B. (2002). Complex settlement dynamics during the Upper Paleolithic of Central Portugal: the case of Picareiro Cave. Journal of Human Evolution, 42(3): A6.

• Ellwood, B., Harrold, F. Benoist, S., Straus, L., Gonzalez Morales, M., Petruso, K., Bicho, N., Zilhão, J. and Soler, N. (2001). Paleoclimate and intersite correlations from Late Pleistocene/Holocene cave sites: results from Southern Europe. Geoarchaeology, 16(4): 433-463.  Link

• Bicho, N. (2000). Comment on The Tortoise and the Hare. Small-game use, the Broad-Spectrum Revolution, and the Paleolithic Demography (Mary Stiner et al.). Current Anthropology, 41(1): 60.

• Bicho, N., Hockett, B., Haws,J. and Belcher, W. (2000). Hunter-gatherer Subsistence at the End of the Pleistocene: Preliminary Results from Picareiro Cave, Central Portugal. Antiquity, 74(285): 500-506.  Link

• Hockett, B. and Bicho, N. (2000). The rabbits of Picareiro Cave: small mammal hunting during the late Upper Paleolithic in the Portuguese Estremadura. Journal of Archaeological Science, 27(8): 715-723.  Link

• Straus, L, Bicho, N. and Winegardner, A. (2000). The Upper Paleolithic Settlement of Iberia: first generation maps. Antiquity, 74(3): 553-566.  Link

• Straus, L, Bicho, N. and Winegardner, A. (2000). Mapping the Upper Paleolithic Regions of Iberia. Journal of Iberian Archaeology, 2: 7-42.

• Bicho, N. (1999). Commentary to the Lapedo Child: Lagar Velho 1 and our perceptions of the Neanderthals. Mediterranean Prehistory on Line.

• Bicho, N. (1999). A Ocupação Epipaleolítica do Abrigo Grande das Bocas, Rio Maior. O Arqueólogo Português, Série IV, Vol. 13-15 (1995-1997): 53-86.

• Bicho, N. and Ferring, C.R. (1998). The Pleistocene Human Occupation of Santa Cita (Central Portugal): geoarchaeology, lithic technology, raw material economy and habitat structures. Journal of Human Evolution, 34(3): A4.

• Bicho, N. (1994). The end of the Paleolithic and the Mesolithic in Portugal. Current Anthropology, 35(4): 664-674.  Link

• Marks, A., Bicho, N., Zilhão, J. and Ferring, C.R. (1994). Upper Paleolithic Prehistory in Portuguese Estremadura: preliminary results. Journal of Field Archaeology, 21(1): 53-68.  Link

• Bicho, N. (1993). The Portuguese Final Upper Paleolithic. Antiquity, 67: 761-775.

• Bicho, N. (1991). Areeiro III: an open air site dated to 8,850 BP, Rio Maior, Portugal. Mesolithic Miscellany, 12(2): 1-10.

Research Grants as PI

• 2017-2018: National Geographic Society, Grant HJ-033R- 17 ($20,000 US). Middle and Late Stone Archaeology in Machampane Valley, Limpopo River basin, southern Mozambique. ($20,000 US).
• 2018-2020: Earth Watch Institute, Excavating the Mesolithic-Neolithic Transition in Portugal (with Célia Gonçalves, Lino André, João Cascalheira). (estimated 35,000€ year).
• 2018-2020: Institute for Field Research. Vale Boi Archeological Project, Portugal: Investigating the earliest Anatomically Modern Human occupation in Southern Iberia. (With João Cascalheira). (estimated US$34,000 year).
• 2015-2016: National Geographic Society, NGS/Waitt funding (W-373-15), project Middle Stone Age Archaeology survey in the Limpopo and Elephant rivers valleys, southern Mozambique. ($15,000 US).
• 2013-2015: Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portuguese Science Foundation), project Middle Stone Age archaeology and the origins of modern humans in southern Mozambique (194,500€).
• 2012-2014: Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portuguese Science Foundation), project The last Neanderthals and the emergence of Modern Humans in Southwestern Iberia (69,600€).
• 2011-2012: Wenner Gren Foundation, project On the edge: The first Modern Humans in Southwestern Iberia and the extinction of Neanderthals. ($19,900 US).
• 2011-2013: Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portuguese Science Foundation), project The last hunter-gatherers of Muge (Portugal): the origins of social complexity. (119,000€)
• 2008-2011: Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portuguese Science Foundation), project A tale of two seas: Upper Paleolithic ecology in Vale Boi, southwestern Algarve (Portugal). (65,000€)
• 2008-2010: Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portuguese Science Foundation), project The last hunter-gatheres in the Tagus valley - the Muge shellmiddens. (140,000€)
• 2007-2008: Wenner Gren Foundation (with Jonathan Haws), project Long-term trends in Upper Paleolithic subsistence at Lapa do Picareiro (Portugal). (22,000$US)
• 2006-2007: National Geographic Society, project A tale of two seas: Upper Paleolithic ecology in Vale Boi, southwestern Algarve (Portugal). (25,000$US)
• 2006-2007: Archaeological Institute of America, project A tale of two seas: Upper Paleolithic ecology in Vale Boi, southwestern Algarve (Portugal). (5,000$US)
• 2002-2005: Instituto Português de Arqueologia, project A importância dos recursos aquáticos no Paleolítico do Algarve.(12,000€)
• 2002-2005: Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, project A importância dos recursos aquáticos no Paleolítico do Algarve. (36,000€)
• 1999-2001: National Geographic Society, project Paleoecology and Human Occupation of Lapa do Picareiro, Central Portugal
• 1998-2001: Instituto Português de Arqueologia, project Paleoecologia e Ocupação humana da Lapa do Picareiro
• 1997-2000: Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, project A Ocupação Paleolítica e Mesolítica do Algarve.
• 1988-1992: Ph.D. Grant, Junta Nacional de Investigação Científica e Tecnológica (Portuguese Science Foundation).
• 1991: Ph.D. dissertation improvement grant, National Science Foundation, USA.
• 1991: Ph.D. Field grant, Institute for the Study of Earth and Man, Southern Methodist University